AP Cheat Sheets & Formula Sheets

Complete formula references for every AP exam — what's provided on exam day, what you must memorize, and how to use each formula.

AP Statistics
Provided on exam · All provided formulas: descriptive stats, probability rules, inference procedures, standard error table, chi-square
AP Calculus AB
Must memorize · All derivatives, integrals, FTC, MVT, IVT — everything you must memorize (no sheet provided)
AP Calculus BC
Must memorize · All AB formulas plus: integration by parts, series, Taylor/Maclaurin, parametric, polar area
AP Biology Formula Sheet
Provided on exam · Hardy-Weinberg, chi-square, water potential, surface area/volume — all provided equations explained
AP Biology Cheat Sheet
Concept reference · Cell transport, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, genetics, evolution, ecology, lab tips
AP Chemistry Formula Sheet
Provided on exam · Equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, kinetics, gases, colligative properties — full reference
AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet
Concept reference · Reaction types, acid-base shortcuts, equilibrium, thermodynamics, kinetics, electrochemistry, IMFs
AP Physics 1
Provided on exam · Kinematics, Newton's laws, energy, momentum, rotation, SHM, waves, circuits — all provided equations
AP Physics 2
Provided on exam · Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, E&M, optics, modern physics — complete equation reference
AP Physics C: Mechanics
Provided on exam · Calculus-based mechanics: kinematics, dynamics, energy, rotation, oscillations — full equation sheet
AP Physics C: E&M Formula Sheet
Provided on exam · Electrostatics, Gauss's law, circuits, capacitors, magnetic fields, Faraday's law, inductance — full calculus-based sheet
AP Calculus Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · All limits, derivative rules, integrals, FTC, and BC-only topics — must memorize, no sheet provided
AP Psychology Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · Key terms by unit: neurotransmitters, brain structures, learning, memory, social psychology
AP Gov Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · All 15 required Supreme Court cases with holdings and constitutional significance
AP Government Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · 9 foundational docs, all amendments, 15 court cases, branches, federalism, civil liberties — complete reference
AP Comparative Government Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · All 6 countries (UK, Russia, China, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria), regime types, electoral systems, key institutions
AP Art History Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · All 10 content areas, major movements, formal analysis vocab, key works — complete reference
AP African American Studies Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · Key figures, events & movements from African origins through contemporary issues
AP Spanish Language Cheat Sheet
6 AP themes · Subjunctive triggers · Ser vs. estar · Por vs. para · Essay structure & transition vocabulary
AP Latin Cheat Sheet
Vergil & Caesar key passages · Case system · Participles · Subjunctive uses · Literary devices reference
AP Spanish Literature Cheat Sheet
Required works by period · Key authors & themes · Literary devices in Spanish · Essay vocabulary
AP French Language Cheat Sheet
6 AP themes · Subjunctive triggers · Imparfait vs. passé composé · Essay structure & transition vocabulary
AP German Language Cheat Sheet
4 cases · Adjective endings · Konjunktiv II · Word order rules · DACH cultural comparison & essay vocabulary
AP Chinese Language Cheat Sheet
Exam structure · FRQ rubrics · Email template · Formal written register · 6 AP themes · Study priorities
AP Physics Cheat Sheet
Provided on exam · Key equations for Physics 1, 2, and C — kinematics, forces, energy, waves, circuits, fluids
AP Precalculus Formula Sheet
Must memorize · Functions, trig identities, exponentials, logarithms, polar, vectors, matrices — all 4 units
AP Macroeconomics Formula Sheet
Must memorize · GDP, spending multiplier, tax multiplier, money multiplier, MPC/MPS, inflation, Fisher equation
AP Microeconomics Formula Sheet
Must memorize · Elasticity, MR=MC profit rule, cost curves (MC/ATC/AVC), consumer surplus, market structures
AP Environmental Science Formula Sheet
Must memorize · Rule of 70, population growth rate, EROEI, 10% rule, pH, IPAT equation, unit conversions
AP Psychology Formula Sheet
Stats & research · Mean, median, z-scores, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, normal distribution, 68-95-99.7 rule
AP Computer Science Principles
Key concepts · Full pseudocode syntax, Big Ideas vocabulary, binary, internet protocols, cybersecurity terms
AP Computer Science A Cheat Sheet
Java syntax, OOP (classes/inheritance), arrays, ArrayLists, recursion, algorithm analysis
AP Literature Cheat Sheet
Literary terms, poetic devices, narrative voice, close-reading shortcuts, FRQ essay rubric
AP Lang Rhetorical Devices Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · Every rhetorical device for MC and FRQ: appeals, figures of speech, syntax, irony, argument devices
AP Statistics Cheat Sheet
Provided on exam · All inference tests, conditions, distributions, regression, and probability rules in one page
AP Macroeconomics Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · All required graphs, fiscal & monetary policy, trade, formulas and key terms
AP Human Geography Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · Key terms by unit: population, migration, culture, political geography, cities, industrialization
AP Music Theory Cheat Sheet
Must memorize · Intervals, key signatures, chord qualities, Roman numeral analysis, voice leading rules, cadences, NCTs, and form
APUSH Cheat Sheet
All 9 periods · Key events, required documents, DBQ/LEQ writing shortcuts, major themes — printable
AP World History Cheat Sheet
All 9 periods · SPICE-T categories, major trade networks, empire comparisons, DBQ/CCOT shortcuts
AP Euro Cheat Sheet
4 periods · Renaissance through present, intellectual movements, French Revolution, DBQ/LEQ shortcuts
APES Cheat Sheet
Concept reference · Earth systems, biodiversity, populations, energy resources, pollution, global change

How to Use These Formula Sheets

Each cheat sheet is organized the same way as the actual exam reference: formulas are grouped by topic, with explanations of when and how to use each one. For exams that provide a formula sheet (AP Stats, Bio, Chem, Physics), we explain every equation on the official sheet. For exams with no sheet (AP Calculus AB and BC), we cover everything you must memorize cold.

Use these alongside the AP score calculator to simulate your exam performance — enter your estimated MC and FRQ scores to see your predicted AP score.